Exploiting the power of multiplicity: a holistic survey of network-layer multipath

The Internet is inherently a multipath network—for an underlying network with only a single path connecting various nodes would have been debilitatingly fragile. Unfortunately,
traditional Internet technologies have been designed around the restrictive assumption of a single working path between a source and a destination. The lack of native multipath support constrains network performance even as the underlying network is richly connected and has redundant multiple paths. Computer networks can exploit the power of multiplicity…

Junaid Qadir, Anwaar Ali, Kok-Lim Alvin Yau, Arjuna Sathiaseelan, Jon Crowcroft. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials.